Linux

At this level, individuals have a basic understanding of what Linux is and are aware of different Linux distributions. They understand the concept of open source software and are familiar with the Linux command line interface. However, their practical skills may be limited.

Novices can navigate the file system using the command line and know how to use basic Linux commands such as ls, cd, mv, cp, and rm. They understand file permissions and can use a text editor like nano or vi. They are starting to gain hands-on experience but still need guidance.

Intermediate users are proficient in using advanced Linux commands like grep, awk, and sed. They can write simple bash scripts and understand process management and monitoring. They also know networking concepts and commands, and can install and manage software packages. They can solve problems with some autonomy.

Advanced users can write complex bash scripts and understand system administration tasks like user management and disk space management. They know security concepts and can configure network services. They also understand kernel modules and device drivers. They can handle complex tasks and troubleshoot issues with minimal assistance.

Experts can troubleshoot and resolve system issues, perform tuning and capacity planning, and understand virtualization and containerization. They are familiar with cloud computing concepts and can design and implement high availability and disaster recovery solutions. They are highly autonomous, can lead projects, and mentor others.