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C++

Information Technology > Programming languages

Description

C++ is a high-level programming language that provides extensive control over system resources. It allows for procedural, object-oriented, and generic programming. A C++ programmer starts with understanding basic syntax, data types, and control structures. As they progress, they learn about more complex concepts like classes, objects, inheritance, and pointers. Intermediate skills include templates, operator overloading, and the Standard Template Library (STL). Advanced users delve into multithreading, lambda expressions, and metaprogramming. Experts have a deep understanding of the C++ memory model, can optimize code for performance, and are familiar with low-level programming concepts. They're capable of contributing to open-source projects and writing safe, efficient concurrent code.

Expected Behaviors

✎
LEVEL 1

Fundamental Awareness

At this level, individuals are expected to understand the basic syntax of C++, know the different data types, and be able to write simple programs. They should also have a basic understanding of control structures such as if, for, and while statements, and be able to create and use functions.

🌱
LEVEL 2

Novice

Novices should be able to use arrays and strings, understand pointers, and use classes and objects. They should also understand inheritance, be able to handle exceptions, and perform file I/O operations.

🌍
LEVEL 3

Intermediate

Intermediate users should understand templates, be able to use the Standard Template Library (STL), and understand operator overloading. They should also be able to manage dynamic memory, understand polymorphism, and use namespaces.

⭐
LEVEL 4

Advanced

Advanced users should understand multithreading, be able to use advanced STL features, and understand lambda expressions. They should also be capable of designing and implementing complex algorithms, understand metaprogramming, and use advanced features of C++11, C++14, and C++17.

🏆
LEVEL 5

Expert

Experts should have a deep understanding of the C++ memory model, be able to optimize code for performance, and understand compiler optimizations. They should also be capable of writing safe and efficient concurrent code, understand low-level programming concepts, and contribute to open-source C++ projects.

Micro Skills

✎
LEVEL 1

Fundamental Awareness

Knowledge of C++ keywords
Understanding of variable declaration and initialization
Ability to use arithmetic, relational, and logical operators
Understanding of statement and block structure
Understanding of primitive data types (int, float, char, etc.)
Knowledge of the size and range of each data type
Understanding of type conversion rules
Ability to write a 'Hello, World!' program
Understanding of the main function
Ability to compile and run a program
Understanding of error messages and debugging
Ability to use if-else statements
Understanding of switch-case statements
Ability to use for loops
Understanding of while and do-while loops
Knowledge of break and continue statements
Understanding of function declaration and definition
Ability to call a function
Understanding of function parameters and return values
Knowledge of recursion
🌱
LEVEL 2

Novice

Understanding of array declaration and initialization
Knowledge of multi-dimensional arrays
Understanding of string manipulation functions
Ability to perform operations on strings
Understanding of pointer declaration and initialization
Knowledge of pointer arithmetic
Understanding of dynamic memory allocation with new and delete
Ability to use pointers with functions
Understanding of null pointers
Understanding of class declaration and object creation
Knowledge of constructors and destructors
Understanding of member functions and variables
Ability to use access specifiers (public, private, protected)
Understanding of base and derived classes
Knowledge of types of inheritance (single, multiple, multilevel, hierarchical, hybrid)
Understanding of the concept of polymorphism
Ability to use virtual functions and abstract classes
Understanding of try, catch, and throw keywords
Knowledge of exception handling mechanism
Ability to define custom exceptions
Understanding of exception propagation
Understanding of streams and their types
Ability to read from and write to files
Understanding of file opening modes
Ability to handle file errors
🌍
LEVEL 3

Intermediate

Knowledge of function templates
Knowledge of class templates
Understanding of template specialization
Ability to use templates in practical programming
Understanding of STL containers
Understanding of STL algorithms
Understanding of STL iterators
Ability to use STL in practical programming
Ability to overload unary operators
Ability to overload binary operators
Understanding of the rules and best practices for operator overloading
Understanding of new and delete operators
Understanding of smart pointers
Ability to manage dynamic memory in practical programming
Understanding of virtual functions
Understanding of abstract classes
Understanding of dynamic binding
Ability to use polymorphism in practical programming
Understanding of the purpose of namespaces
Ability to define and use namespaces
Understanding of anonymous namespaces
Understanding of namespace aliases
⭐
LEVEL 4

Advanced

Knowledge of thread creation and management
Understanding of synchronization primitives (mutex, semaphore)
Understanding of thread-safe data structures
Ability to handle race conditions and deadlocks
Understanding of concurrent programming patterns
Understanding of complex data structures (map, set, unordered_map, unordered_set)
Ability to use algorithms library
Understanding of iterators and their types
Ability to use function objects and binders
Understanding of allocators
Ability to write and use lambda functions
Understanding of capture semantics
Ability to use lambdas with STL algorithms
Understanding of generic lambdas
Ability to use lambdas for asynchronous programming
Understanding of algorithmic complexity and Big O notation
Ability to implement sorting and searching algorithms
Understanding of graph and tree algorithms
Ability to implement dynamic programming solutions
Understanding of algorithm design paradigms (divide and conquer, greedy, backtracking)
Understanding of template metaprogramming
Ability to use type traits and type manipulation
Understanding of compile-time computations
Ability to use variadic templates
Understanding of SFINAE (Substitution Failure Is Not An Error)
Understanding of auto and decltype
Ability to use smart pointers
Understanding of move semantics and rvalue references
Ability to use new language features (constexpr, range-based for loops, initializer lists)
Understanding of new library features (array, tuple, chrono, random)
🏆
LEVEL 5

Expert

Understanding of stack and heap memory
Knowledge of memory allocation and deallocation
Understanding of memory leaks and how to prevent them
Ability to use smart pointers for automatic memory management
Understanding of algorithmic complexity
Ability to profile code to identify bottlenecks
Knowledge of optimization techniques such as loop unrolling and function inlining
Understanding of hardware architecture and its impact on performance
Knowledge of how compilers transform code
Understanding of inline assembly
Ability to use compiler flags to control optimization level
Understanding of link-time optimization
Understanding of threads and synchronization primitives
Knowledge of atomic operations and memory ordering
Ability to avoid common concurrency issues such as deadlocks and race conditions
Understanding of lock-free programming
Knowledge of assembly language
Understanding of system calls and interrupts
Ability to interact with hardware directly
Understanding of operating system concepts such as processes and threads
Understanding of version control systems, especially Git
Ability to read and understand large codebases
Knowledge of common coding standards and best practices
Ability to communicate effectively with other project contributors

Skill Overview

  • Expert3 years experience
  • Micro-skills121
  • Roles requiring skill2

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